Ventricles have no parasympathetic innervations
RCA supply SAN=60% and AVN =90%
RCA supply Rt atrium and ventricle and usually give posterior descending coronary that supply posterior surface of the heart
LCA>> the left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior septum and the anterior left ventricular wall and the circumflex artery supply lateral surface
ANP from atria and BNP from ventricles
Causes of raised JVP are: Congestive cardiac failure SVC obstruction Constrictive pericarditis Anaemia Tricuspid regurgitation
JVP: cause of giant a wave, cannon a wave, absent a wave, steep Y wave
Pulsus paradoxus is defined as an inspiratory systolic fall in arterial pressure of 10mmHg. It not only occurs in cardiac tamponade, but also in massive PE, severe COPD and hypotension/shock
Cannon a wave occur when the atria and ventricles contract at the same time. The causes are complete AV block, ventricular tachycardia and AV nodal reentry tachycardia
The left internal mammary artery supplies the anterior chest wall. It has been shown to be superior to saphenous vein grafts (from aorta to LAD) in staying patent and hence is now the choice artery (LIMA to LAD) graft. Although circumflex and right coronary arteries are usually grafted with veins, the right internal mammary arteries (RIMA) are sometimes used to graft the RCA.
The coronary sinus predominantly drains venous blood from the left ventricle and receives approximately 85 percent of coronary venous blood and the blood finally drains into the right atrium.
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